ENERsign

Question 1

What is a front-mounted roller shutter?

Here the roller shutter box is attached to the outer facade and thus ensures that the entire window area is preserved. The only disadvantage is that it remains visible on the outside, but this can be prevented by integrating it into the facade insulation, thus ensuring a uniform external appearance. Mounting on the outside of the façade means that no cavities are formed in the building envelope, which can lead to thermal bridges and thus to the formation of condensation and mould.

Question 2

What is the RAL colour system?

Standardised colours are combined under the RAL colour system. For example, there is the RAL Classic colour palette, which now contains 213 colours.

Question 3

What does RC 2 N mean?

RC 2 N stands for Resistance Class and defines the resistance class of windows in private households against burglary. Windows in this class have mushroom head fittings, reinforced window handles and standard glass. Based on a police statistic that 80% of burglaries occur by levering open the windows, the T-shaped mushroom head tenons, which claw into the window frame, provide a high level of protection against this burglary method.

Question 4

What special features does redwood have as a material?

Abbreviation DIN EN 13556: SESM

Botanical name: Sequoia sempervirens, family of Taxodiaceae

Distribution: West Coast of the USA (South Oregon, Northwest California)

Trade names: California Redwood, California redwood, Sequoia, Vavona for grained wood

Short description
The Californian redwood is widespread in only a small region of the North American west coast, where it once occurred in large quantities. Due to its proximity to the rapidly developing cities on the Pacific coast, the ease of processing and the versatility of the wood, the stands were heavily overused until the beginning of regulated forestry. The timber now available comes from limited and controlled felling, supplemented by continuous replanting. The coniferous species supplying the Californian redwood is related to the protectedigtree or sequoia of the same region, as is the Chinese primeval sequoia cultivated in Europe.

Unusually large and ageing trees with trunks up to 7 m in diameter and 70 m long. The economically used trunks are knotless up to 25 m and around 1 m thick, straight shafted, round and often slightly deforested (conical).

Color and structure
Sapwood 2 to 4 cm wide, white to yellowish grey, heartwood (dry) first reddish with a slight violet tinge, after longer exposure reddish brown and matt shiny, similar to Western Red Cedar, but mostly darker and of more uniform colouring. Pores (vessels) not present. Wood rays very fine, only still visible on radial surfaces as small mirrors less than 1 mm high. Annual growth rings are clearly visible through a narrow, but sharply defined and dark reddish-brown late wood, appearing on longitudinal sections as pronounced flattening (tangential) or as stripes or lines (radial) (see properties).
Due to the very high age of the tree, the width of the annual rings to the edge of the trunk can be less than 1 mm, resulting in a particularly fine-grained wood with a less clearly protruding structure.

Total character
Red-brown, mostly fine and evenly structured coniferous wood.

Deviations
Occasionally occurring burls of redwood are processed into high-quality veneers and are called Vavona.

Properties
Redwood belongs to the light coniferous woods whose strength characteristics, similar to the European coniferous woods, can vary according to the width of the annual ring. The best strength values are achieved with 3-4 annual rings per cm. Redwood can be worked cleanly in any direction with all tools with only little effort; only the coarse-grained qualities tend to have woolly surfaces when milling, drilling and turning. Glueings are of good durability. Ferrous metals and alkalis (e.g. alkaline glues) cause deep brown to black reaction discolorations depending on the degree of moisture. For this reason, clean and dry storage or appropriate packaging is recommended.

In addition to the low weight and ease of processing, a good durability, high resistance to fungal attack, the absence of resin and good thermal insulation of the wood are particularly noteworthy. Redwood is not aromatic.
The technical drying process must be controlled carefully, among other things because of the particularly high initial moisture content. Depending on the moisture content and the thickness of the wood, open-air drying for several months prior to the start of artificial drying has proven to be appropriate.

Surface treatment>/strong>
Exterior use: Pigmented impregnation glazes are, according to the current state of the art, particularly economical, easy to use and have proven to be particularly durable.

Interior use: For this application area, colourless glazes and matting are preferred. If special protection of the surface is required, transparent varnishes can also be used with good success. For special effects in interior decoration, high gloss polished surfaces can also be achieved. With both methods, the wood moisture content must not exceed 12%. Untreated and weathered wood tends to leach out at first, later the surface starts to grey; however, experience shows that redwood is best used untreated from coniferous woods.

Areas of application
Redwood is mainly used in surface-forming forms where, in addition to low weight, an attractive natural colouring and structure are important. Here it can be used in interior finishing for acoustic, wall and ceiling cladding, room dividers, mouldings and framing, and because of its good weather resistance, it can also be used in exterior construction for facades, wall, balcony and garage door cladding, wind springs, roof underlays, headboards, shutters, pergolas and in damp rooms such as swimming pools or bathrooms. Because of its good stability, redwood is also suitable for light frame constructions as well as for stud and built-in furniture. A special use is in the production of soundboards and organ pipes. Due to the low compressive strength of redwood, applications with corresponding stresses should be avoided.

Remarks
In England and partly also in the international timber trade the term redwood is also used for European pine woods, e.g. Baltic redwood
Redwood - Technical properties
Weight fresh850 kg/m³
Weight dry-dry380 kg/m³
Compressive strength u12-1537 N/mm²
Flexural strength u12-1558 N/mm²

Question 5

What does Resistance Class (RC) mean?

Classification of resistance classes (formerly WK) for the certification of burglary resistance. The test is differentiated by defining the tool sets used and the time available. The higher the class, the longer the resistance time for the burglar.

Question 6

What special features does Robinia wood have as a material?

Abbreviation DIN EN 13556: ROPS

Botanical name: Robinia pseudoacacia, family Fabaceae- Faboideae

Distribution: Eastern North America, cultivated worldwide

Trade names: Robinia, False Acacia, Common Scotchthorn (D), robinia (F), false acacia (GB), black locust, yellow locust (USA), robinia (NL, I), salcam (RO), fehér akác (H)

Short description
Originally from North America and traded there under the name Black Locust, the Robinia was first cultivated in Europe as a park and avenue tree. Due to its very good natural durability and high mechanical characteristics, Robinia has also established itself as an important commercial tree species in recent decades. The quality of Robinia wood is largely determined by the trunk shape of the tree, which often has a crooked, eccentric growth, which limits the yield of the assortments. The Robinia wood on the German market currently comes mainly from south-east Europe (Romania and Hungary) and from Brandenburg.

Medium-sized tree of 12 to 25 m (maximum 30 m) in height and 30-60 cm in diameter; knotless lengths usually relatively short, from 2 to 6 m, in closed stands up to 10 m; often crooked, sometimes non-circular and with splayed backs. Planned selection and silvicultural care measures in plantations can positively influence form and dimensions.

Colour and structure
The light, narrow sapwood is clearly separated from the yellow-green to olive-brown core, which darkens to golden brown. The large, highly ethylated early wood pores are arranged in a ring shape and surrounded by light-coloured storage tissue. The late wood pores are also associated with light parenchyma cells and are partly grouped in diagonally running bands. The fibre course is often irregular due to the crooked or eccentric growth form.

Total character
Ring-porous, very durable wood with olive to golden brown colour and matt silky sheen.

Deviations
Frequently irregular grain pattern, caused by curvature and eccentric growth.

Surface treatment
Exterior treatment: A treatment with transparent or clear lacquers can be carried out with alkyd or epoxy resin based paints (the latter after priming with DDLack). It is indicated for wooden parts that are not exposed to driving rain or direct sunlight. For protection against strong sunlight, glaze coatings with UV light-absorbing or reflecting pigments have proved to be very effective. We recommend multiple coats with a final thick layer glaze. Top coats or top coats based on alkyd resin or dispersion are possible, but do not allow the attractive grain and colour of robinia wood to show to advantage. Untreated surfaces turn grey when exposed to weathering.
interior treatment: Stains, matting, varnishes or liquid waxes can be used without any problems. Pure DD varnishes are suitable for surfaces subject to heavy wear (e.g. floors), but require a wood moisture content of less than 12%.

Workability
Frequent fibre deviations, tensions in the wood and especially the high hardness make the processing of dry wood more difficult and require pre-drilling for nails and screws. Robinia wood is easy to bend, but difficult to split. Carefully processed surfaces (dry, clean, smooth) can be glued together well immediately after planing. The heartwood is difficult to impregnate. Surface treatment is unproblematic with sparingly applied, commercially available agents.

Drying
Due to high swelling/shrinkage values and poor permeability (ethylation), Robinia can only be dried slowly and is very prone to boarding. However, good results can be achieved with open air or gentle technical drying and careful conditioning.

Natural durability (DIN-EN 350-2)
Robinia is one of the few cultivated wood species in Europe with durability class 1-2 (according to DIN EN 350). The juvenile heartwood, which comprises the first 7-15 annual rings, reaches, however, according to new scientific research, the highest durability class. According to new scientific findings, it only achieves durability class 4.

Areas of application
Robinia is suitable for outdoor applications with ground contact as well as for decorative applications indoors. Outdoors, the wood is used in gardening and landscaping, in children's playgrounds and in frame construction (windows, doors, conservatories). Decorative furniture surfaces, stairs and floors can be designed with Robinia indoors. By steaming, the robinia wood can be adapted in colour for indoor use.

Remarks
The distinctive yellow surface fluorescence of the heartwood is a good distinguishing feature among commercial woods of temperate latitudes. Flavonoid ingredients can cause allergic reactions in sensitive persons during processing. The iron-tannin reaction is pronounced.
Robinia - Technical properties
Weight fresh800-900-950 kg/m³
Bulk density air-dry (12-15% u)0.72-0.79-0.85 g/cm³
Compressive strength u12-1562-73-86 N/mm²
Flexural strength u12-15133-150-167 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity (bending) u12-1511 600-13 600-17 900 N/mm²
Hardness (JANKA) ⊥, umgerechnet≈ 7,7 kN
Hardness (BRINELL) ⊥ to fiber u12-1531-37-43 N/mm²
Differential shrinkage (radial)0.20-0.26 %
Differential shrinkage (tangential)0.32-0.38 %
pH-Wert≈ 4.23
Natural durability (DIN-EN 350-2)Class 1-2

Question 7

What is meant by the term roll armor?

The roll armour or roller shutter curtain consists of roller shutter slats (also called roller shutter profiles) that are hinged together. It is the protective part of the roller shutter that closes the opening. Depending on the requirements, it can be of various types. The most commonly used materials are: Plastic, mainly rigid PVC; aluminium, often foamed with polyurethane; wood, usually pine; steel and stainless steel.

Question 8

What is a roller shutter?

A roller shutter is a roller closure that serves as an additional closure of an opening. It is usually installed from the outside in front of a window or door and, depending on the design, can fulfil various protective properties, such as sound insulation, burglar resistance, thermal insulation, visual protection.

With roller shutters, a distinction is made between the so-called armour, i.e. the part of the roller shutter that can later be lowered in front of the window, and the roller shutter box, in which the roller shutter armour is located when rolled up.

Question 9

What does the thermal resistance R indicate?

Lambda opposite is the thermal resistance R. It indicates the resistance that a component offers to the outflow or ingress of thermal energy. The lower the thermal resistance, the lower the insulating effect of a material. Materials with a high thermal resistance are therefore particularly suitable for windows or doors.

Question 10

What is a top mounted roller shutter?

If the house is built with a single-shell wall construction (e.g. 36 mm brick), it is also possible to install a top-mounted roller shutter (often also called top-mounted roller shutter). Here the box of the roller shutter sits as part of the actual window on the upper window frame - the roller shutter is integrated in the window. Depending on the structural conditions, the roller shutter box can also be plastered on the outside of the top box so that it is no longer visible.